This page is to serve as a repository of known training assets, guidelines and resources that were collected from various global digital health community members. Please use the scroll bar on the bottom of the page and on the right side of the screen to help navigate. The links on the side of the page will help you navigate to the different sections of the materials.
Please feel free to explore and share the resources found on this page. (Scroll down to see content)
How to use this page
- Sorting - The courses / resources are sortable by any of the column headings. For example, select the column that best applies to your role and click the label / header below to sort the content.
- Searching - You can also press CNTL-F / CMD-F to search for a specific word or phrase.
- Multi-Language support - Where known, multiple languages are noted. For example, search for "Spanish"
- If you want to open a link in a separate tab or window, right click (hover over and press the right button on your mouse) and it will give you the options to open in a tab or window. Otherwise you will need to hit the "back" button on the upper left of your screen to return to this page.
Is content missing?
Please add or update resources that are helpful to strengthen capacity and / or resources used for Digital Health planning, implementation and support.
In order to contribute to this resource page, you will need to create an OHIE ID on this wiki space.
Instructions:
- In the top-right corner of your click "Sign up"
- Fill out the information to create your OHIE ID
- As you need to contribute to the wiki, use the "Log in" button in the top-right corner and log in with the credentials you've created
Please note this will give you access to the OHIE wiki as well as some other OHIE resources. The eHealth Professionals Knowledge Network is not a community within OpenHIE but they are collaborator and are helping the community kickoff by sharing their wiki space with us as we start off our work!
Quick Links for Navigating the Content
Capacity Strengthening Courses
Roles:
- Policy makers / decision makers: includes HIS and eHealth leadership
- Digital Health HIT Professionals: includes the following roles: Support analysts and trainers, Systems Analysts and Business Analysts, Systems Engineers and Systems Administration types of personnel.
- Health Practitioners and Providers: includes those providing health care
X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Courses & USD$49 to earn a certificate of course completion To develop public health decision makers’ skills in collecting and using such population health data, CGDHI and the Data for Health Initiative offer a series of applied practice training through Coursera. Each online course features lectures from leading population health and digital health experts from across the globe. Numerous case study examples representing LMIC experiences provide real-world applications of course concepts. X X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Digital Health Architecture and Integration Free (Some by invitation) Courses to share knowledge about the Community Health Toolkit by Medic. Courses currently cover CHT Interoperability, an introduction to the CHT, and how to build CHT applications. X X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration OpenHIE Academy, LOINC 101 – Understanding LOINC Concepts and Uses Free Global Good Overview of LOINC X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration Free Global Good This course will help the participants to establish the foundation of the healthcare data journey by equipping them with the information and abilities needed to understand healthcare standards and terminologies. This course will cover several concepts on how terminologies help organize vocabularies and concepts and make computations more manageable. This course will also cover ICD-9, ICD-10, SNOMED, LOINC, and other clinical data standards, as well as various clinical data representations used in healthcare systems. X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration Free Global Good Course Objectives Define interoperability layer and explore advantages over alternative integration State and define interoperability layer capabilities and quality attributes Explain basic workflows and roles of the interoperability layer State and define interoperability layer requirements and reference technologies Discuss real world implementation cases X X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration OpenHIE Academy, 220 – Introduction to Health Data Standards Free Global Good Course Overview The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to health standards. The course will discuss the role standards in health information exchange. The material will also define, provide examples and explain the difference between semantic and syntactic standards. Course Objectives Understand what a health standard is Understand the value of using standards Understand the value of health informatics standards and the different types of standards that exist Identify some commonly used global HIS standards Describe how the Health Informatics standards are created, implemented and updated X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration OpenHIE Academy, 110 – Overview of the OpenHIE Architecture: Overview of Architecture Components Free Global Good Course Overview This course is designed to introduce an architected approach to health information exchange. It includes an overview of the components needed to support health information and provides some brief examples of the different architecture components and provides an example of how these components work together to support health information needs. Course Objectives Brief introduction to each OHIE architecture component and their functions Quality attributes and evaluation of OpenHIE Architecture Adopting components that are country specific with examples Understand ways to apply OpenHIE architectural concepts to identify data exchanges needed Discuss the importance of having an architecture within HIE X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration Free Global Good Course Description This course is a follow-up to “345-Terminology”. Now that you have learned the basics of terminology, it is time to get into the more practical aspects of using terminology in your implementations. This course will take a globally-focused approach, meaning that the tools and reference terminologies noted in this course will tend to be more open source and applicable to global health contexts. Learning Objectives Understand key concepts related to terminology management and use Identify different stakeholders and user types that are involved in terminology management View example terminologies and their differing use cases Select appropriate terminologies for your own use case Understand how to get started with using terminologies in your health systems X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration Free Global Good Specification Purpose The purpose of the specification release is to: Provide an overview of the OpenHIE Architecture Articulate the requirements for OpenHIE components in a way that can be helpful for software selection Articulate the workflows (data exchanges) that are currently recognized as data exchange patterns to follow and identify where to start with standards Provide a reference for implementers to use in their architecture and/or implementations X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration Basic and Advanced Course on Standards and Interoperability (for Philippine context) Community Reuse of OpenHIE topics with contextualization for Philippines and Philhealth's upcoming National Health Data Repository Project X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration Digital Health Services / Applications In the context of the Public Good (BPR) RG-T3769: "Digital Transformation in Health to Mitigate the Effects of COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean", and in coordination with the BPR RG-T3314 to strengthen cross-border electronic transactions of the region and the PAHO-DDCC project associated with the maturity of COVID-19 and immunization certificates, RACSEL has been programming training cycles on essential topics for the implementation of a regional certificate, which is compatible with WHO specifications. . LACPASS - Component 1: Cycle 1: Fundamentals of Digital Signature and Cross-border Signature. Cycle 2: Complementary emerging tools and standards for a new generation of digital certificates. Cycle 3: HL7 FHIR Fundamentals. Cycle 4: IHE - Pre Conectaton Training Sessions. Cycle 5: Conectaton Training Sessions. Cycle 6: Post Conectaton Training Sessions. LACPASS / PAHO-DDCC: Cycle 1: Fundamentals of interoperability and enablers for DDCC. Cycle 2: DDCC:VS Cycle 3: Terminologies LACPASS Workshops Component 2: Workshop 1: IPS Structure. Workshop 2: IPS/MHD Transactions Workshop 3: Terminology and Terminology Services Workshop 4: IPS Transformations: IPS Immunization to DDCC. X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications By the end of this course, learners will be able to, Explain what a DDCC solution is and its value-add to a country's health system. Articulate the need for an ethical framework and guidelines for DDCC data privacy and confidentiality to build trust and support programmatic decisions. Adapt global guidelines and lessons learned from prior DDCC country adoption and implementation initiatives to your country's context. Explain the 7 digital health building blocks that make up an enabled DDCC environment, and the tools and frameworks to landscape the enabling environment and assess a country’s readiness for the implementation of a DDCC solution. Explore the critical data required for DDCC interoperability across country health systems. Articulate the importance of a digital ecosystem, data management, data processing, and data governance within a country for the issuance, updating, and verification of a DDCC solution. Identify DDCC implementation approaches that can support the DDCC solution for short- and long-term use cases. Determine the DDCC implementation approach in light of workforce, budget, time, and contextual constraints specific to the defined stakeholder role. Review implementation challenges that may arise across global, government, and individual contexts. X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good This self-paced course on openIMIS will allow practitioners involved in national, regional or district processes on health financing to learn more on the rationale for the development of openIMIS, its features, but also on successful examples of implementation and the support available from the openIMIS community. Equipping this target group with knowledge on openIMIS functionalities and making them aware of the advantages compared to other management information system (MIS) solutions creates an important group of mediators who can inform policy makers in ministries of health, social protection and related areas. After completion of all modules and the self-assessment, participants will be able to: Acquire knowledge on openIMIS and understand how openIMIS can contribute in countries‘ digital health ecosystems Showcase how openIMIS can support strategies to increase access to UHC and USP The course has the following modules: Module 1: The basics Module 2: openIMIS and national eHealth landscape Module 3: openIMIS use cases Module 4: Sustainability & the role of the openIMIS Community X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good The resources include guides, templates, tools and exampes of Facility Registry implementations. X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Digital Health Architecture and Integration Free Global Good This course is intended to help share basic information about a client registry with the following types of learners: Course Learning Objectives By the end of this course, learners will be able to: Understand the types of challenges that identity management, client record linking, and client registry addresses (Value of having client linking / client registry) Understand definitions related to Identity Management and Client Registries Understand basic features of a client registry Discuss exemplar matching algorithms used in matching or linking patient records within and across systems Understand typical interoperability transactions that a Client Registry should support Enumerate examples of Client registry tools Describe common implementation issues Discuss exemplar projects where identity management tools have enabled health X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Digital Health Architecture and Integration Free Global Good Course description: This course provides a state-of -the- science overview of a Health Facility Registry (HFR) and a Master Facility List (MFL). Topics include Introduction to the terms HFR and MFL, the value of a HFR, Steps in establishing a HFR along with country real life examples of success, standards, and technology component of a Health facility registry. Learning Outcomes: By the end of this session, learners will be able to: Understand the concept of a Health Facility Registry (HFR) Understand the purpose of having a Health Facility Registry Importance of a Master Facility List and its role Articulate the role and key functions of a HFR Be aware of the associated Governance Challenges Understand the Standards and Technology associated with a HFR X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good This guide is designed to help ministries of health, implementers and others involved in establishing eHealth architecture and health system project teams get started with health information exchange. Over the past few years we have observed that some implementers choose to start their journey by working in a specific OpenHIE component like a facility registry. Other implementers may choose to start with a health exchange project that allows for sharing of health data. While a third group started at a more foundational level like doing an eHealth Architecture or blueprint project. Each of these starting points has benefits and challenges. Ultimately, the components, the data exchange projects and the architecture are needed to benefit fully from health information exchange and none of these pathways is mutually exclusive. The path toward data exchange is a multi-faceted journey that will take time. X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Governance & Leadership Digital Health Services / Applications Policies Governance Structure and Regulation Free Global Good This handbook is intended for practitioners with some technical expertise in humanitarian or development technology, whose core role may be technology, policy, law, privacy, or a related field. It is intended to give these consumers: 1. A basic practical primer in the key concepts necessary to make policy, purchasing, or program decisions regarding biometrics; 2. A guide to selecting and implementing biometric tools with a focus specifically on development and humanitarian applications; 3. A set of risk management steps and guidelines which enable accountable, riskaware decision-making and deployment; 4. A range of appendices which enable the embedding of this guidance and practice. X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good DHIS2 Fundamentals Free, self-paced online courses that introduce fundamental concepts and help build DHIS2 skills through hands-on exercises and assignments. In this course, you will learn about the fundamental concepts that underpin how DHIS2 works, such as its building blocks and how data are entered, validated, analyzed, and shared. You will also discover the community that surrounds DHIS2, learn about its history and its supporting ecosystem. This course is the first course in the DHIS2 Fundamentals courses program. If you are new to DHIS2, we recommend you start your DHIS2 learning journey here. X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good In this course, you will learn to use DHIS2 for capturing and validating aggregate data. Through videos, demonstrations, step-by-step activities, and labs, you will learn how data are incorporated through a web browser application or an Android device. You will also learn how aggregate data can be captured without a stable internet connection and the steps you can follow to ensure the quality of the data entered. X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good In this course, you will learn to visualize data in DHIS2 and how to share your findings with other users. Through videos, demonstrations, step-by-step activities, and labs, you will learn how to effectively use visualization tools such as pivot tables, maps, and charts and how to combine these outputs in dashboards. What will I learn? After completing this course, you’ll be able to: Select a visualization from the Data Visualizer app Identify the steps to create and edit pivot tables and charts using the Data Visualizer app. Identify the steps to create and edit a map using the Maps app. Use dashboards to read, analyze and share data and interpretations X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good About This Course In this course, you will learn to plan, design and create DHIS2 metadata used for capturing, storing and analyzing data. Through videos, demonstrations, step-by-step activities, and labs, you will learn how to effectively use the Maintenance app to create organisation unit hierarchies, categories and category options, data elements, data sets and indicators, and how to customize them using best practices. X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good The DHIS2 COVID-19 surveillance training material offers learning aids that are based on the standard COVID-19 surveillance packages. In order to use them effectively, they will need to be populated with specific information from your own COVID-19 implementation (text modification, screenshots, instructions for/from your specific implementation) and are meant as a reference when designing your own training material. The DHIS2 COVID-19 vaccination registration training material offers learning aids that are based on the COVID-19 Electronic Immunization Registry (EIR) package. They complement the existing documentation (available on the WHO Package Downloads page), which should be used as an additional reference as required. X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good Reference resources for DHIS2. X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good User Training - The training, which lasts approximately 2 hours, is structured in two parts: In the first part, the central functionalities of case and contact person management in SORMAS are presented via screen transmission. At any time during the training, you will have the opportunity to ask questions in writing via chat or verbally after the training. The second part of the training will discuss the questions received. Admin Training - The creation and administration of users, Making settings, Creating the document template, The import and export function, & The bulk edit mode. X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good The DHIS2 COVID-19 surveillance training material offers learning aids that are based on the standard COVID-19 surveillance packages. In order to use them effectively, they will need to be populated with specific information from your own COVID-19 implementation (text modification, screenshots, instructions for/from your specific implementation) and are meant as a reference when designing your own training material. They complement the existing documentation (available on the WHO Package Downloads page), which should be used as an additional reference as required. The material currently available can be downloaded as .zip files and includes: Data Entry (Web): Includes Trainer’s Guide to conducting the training session, Exercises to accompany the training session, and 1-page Job Aids for end-users to refer to during and after the training. Available for the following packages: Case-Based Surveillance Package training materials >> Download .zip file Contact Registration & Follow-Up Package training materials >> Download .zip file Port of Entry Screening Package training materials >> Download .zip file X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good The DHIS2 COVID-19 vaccination registration training material offers learning aids that are based on the COVID-19 Electronic Immunization Registry (EIR) package. Similar to the COVID-19 surveillance training material, they will need to be modified to include specific information from your own implementation (including text modifications, screenshots, and instructions for/from your specific implementation based on your local workflow) and are meant as a reference when designing your own training material. The material contains instructions where possible modifications can be made based on common changes to the available configuration. This material complements the existing package documentation (system design and installation guides, available on the WHO Package Downloads page), which should be used as an additional reference as required. The material currently available can be downloaded as Microsoft word documents (.docx files) contained together in a single .zip file, and includes the following: Web-based Data Entry for the COVID-19 EIR package: Trainer’s guide to conducting the training session Exercises to accompany the training session Series of 1-page job aids for end-users to refer to during and after the training describing the data entry processes discussed in the trainer’s guide and training exercises X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good You can watch our series of recorded videos covering key features of the DHIS2 COVID-19 metadata packages on the DHIS2 YouTube channel, as well as training videos on cross-cutting DHIS2 design, customization, and analytics features. X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications DHIS2 Level 2 Academy Free Global Good Develop specialized DHIS2 skills with our Level 2 Academy courses, which focus on specific subject or program areas or advanced skills Overview Web App Development Android App Development Android Implementation Community Health (CHIS) Data Quality DHIS2 for Education Disease Surveillance Integration Logistics Data (LMIS) Maps & GIS Planning & Budgeting Server Administration Tracker Management X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Global HISP Network Community HISP is a global movement to support DHIS2 implementation, local customization and configuration, offer in-country and regional training, and to promote DHIS2 as a global public good About the HISP network Africa: East & Southern Africa: West & Central Asia & the Pacific Americas & Caribbean X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good This page provides a collection of resources for getting started with Clinical Quality Language (CQL), as well as using CQL to author, share, and evaluate CQL-based knowledge artifacts such as measures and decision support rules. X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good Implementation Starter Kit provides useful information, training resources, and tools to get you started with installing and deploying openIMIS in your system. We have compiled these resources with the aim of providing an overview of the requirements of the system and walk you through learning tools we have at hand as your organization takes the openIMIS path to digitalizing your business processes. X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good Templates and resources to guide new project managers throughout the project planning, design, development, implementation and maintenace of health information systems X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good This page provides a collection of resources for getting started with Clinical Quality Language (CQL), as well as using CQL to author, share, and evaluate CQL-based knowledge artifacts such as measures and decision support rules. Introductions, Tutorials, and Walkthroughs Authoring Measures in CQL Developer's Introduction to CQL CQL Exercises Content IG Walkthrough Colorectal Cancer Screening Example X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good This page lists known community projects related to Clinical Quality Language. If you have a community project, feel free to add it here! The projects are divided into two broad categories, tooling and content development: Tooling: Projects related to implementation of CQF projects (such as translators, engines, publication tooling, etc) Content: Projects that are using CQF-related standards to build content X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good FHIR Overview and Background X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle CQL for CDS: Clinical Quality Language for Clinical Decision Support – Alphora Seminar Free Global Good This content is externally hosted by Alphora and includes slides and a recording from the CQL for CDS Seminar. These documents include details on the following topics: Primer on CQL Case study in applying CQL and tooling CDS Connect Authoring Tool CQF Ruler Other Application of CQL Architectural Alternatives for Knowledge Delivery (review of CPG) X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good A webinar series from Digital Square provides a foundation on this vital standard and showcases how Digital Square Global Goods are Using FHIR® in their work. Webinars in this series include: FHIR® 101 Refresher FHIR® Profiling & Documentation FHIR® and Terminology FHIR® Implementation Guide Building on FHIR®: OpenHIM Covid-19 Data Exchange The recordings, links to the slide decks, and details about webinars in this series can be found on this website. X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good A DAK transforms narrative WHO recommendations for health domains in the digital form such that it provides a common language across various audiences ensure a common understanding of the appropriate health information content within a defined health programme area, as a mechanism to catalyse the effective use of these digital systems ensure adherence to WHO clinical, public health and data use guidelines, and facilitate consistency of the health content that is used to inform the development of a person-centred digital tracking and decision-support (DTDS) system; enable both health programme leads and digital health teams (including software developers) to have a joint understanding of the health content within the digital system, with a transparent mechanism to review the validity and accuracy of the health content; and provide a starting point of the core data elements and decision-support logic that should be included within DTDS systems for specific health domains X X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good Business Analyst Publication / Blog X X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good In this course you will understand what Human Centered Design (HCD) is and get an understanding of how you can apply the HCD mindset in your daily job. You can complete this course within 1 hour (fast track) or explore the provided tools and take some time for reflection (expert track). The course is for at all members of an SME, as the method has advantages for multiple employee groups, e.g., the product developers and designers should be able to understand the needs of the target group and integrate them into the production process, but also for the salespeople an appropriate mindset is advantageous to better market the product. No prior knowledge required. After this course, you will know... ... what HCD actually is ... the core principles of HDC as well as benefits attached to it ...what resources and materials are available ...and how to apply the HCD mindset in your daily job. Topic Overview: Human Centered Design, Innovation, User-centered, Design Thinking. How much time you need to invest: Approx. 60 minutes for the fast track. Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Free Global Good Introduction to Clinical Quality Language (CQL) Pioneers in Quality (PIQ) Video Short - Electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM) Basics Series 1 - January 7, 2021 CQL Basics (excerpt from 2019 Expert to Expert Webinar) CQL Basics Webinar - PIQ (You must obtain a free registration to view the video) CQL Basics Transcript - PIQ CQL for eCQM Developers and Implementers Teach Me CQL Video Series Open and Closed Parentheses (YouTube) - Video Short - July 2023 Datatype Choice (YouTube) - Video Short - June 2023 Birthdaydate Fluent Function - (YouTube) - Video Short - June 2023 Latest, LatestOf, Earliest, EarliestOf, HasStart, HasEnd (YouTube) - Video Short - August 2022 Coalesce (YouTube) - Video Short - August 2022 Normalize Interval (YouTube) - Video Short - July 2022 Time Zone Considerations (YouTube) - Video Short - July 2022 CQL 1.5 and Quality Data Model (QDM) v5.6 Overview - September 2, 2021 Specialized Specialized Free Global Good Working together with partners in more than 50 countries, the PEPFAR program has helped move the HIV/AIDS epidemic from crisis toward control. Learn about programming best practices for key populations as well as develop robust systems to effectively monitor and evaluate these programs. There are 10 modules which offer information that ranges from introductory training for PEPFAR created systems, to data analysis, User administrator roles and quality assurance, to name a few. Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Handbook for digitizing public health guidance that walks through a process for BAs Free Global Good TBD - WHO Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle PSI Digital Health Implementation Playbook Currently in development* (anticipated Q3 2023) Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration This workshop series aims to promote an open-source Health Informatics (HIE) Community of Practice within the Mbarara University of Science and Technology through skills development for undergraduate and graduate students. Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Patient Identity Management Toolkit Free Global Good A resource that provides: Country progress and examples. Practical guides across key areas of identity management. Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Free Global Good The Developers' starter kit provides a general understanding on how the modular architecture of openIMIS works, what the distinctions between frontend and backend are, and also on what are ‘modules’ The starter kit also includes a brief recap of used standards (GraphQL, …) and frameworks (django, graphene, React,…) as well as pointers to existing resources on the web to use as reference. Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Services / Applications Facility Registry Implementations and Similar Projects - A Landscape by OpenHIE Free Global Good List of previous facility registry projects. Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Digital Health Architecture and Integration Free Global Good A library to link records in or between data sources. The toolkit provides most of the tools needed for record linkage and deduplication. The package contains indexing methods, functions to compare records and classifiers. The package is developed for research and the linking of small or medium sized files. Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration Free Global Good PURPOSE AND AUDIENCE The purpose of this document is to provide United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Missions with the rationale and options for implementing and routinizing deduplication processes for digitized HIV datasets, with the aim of merging the client record. The primary audience for this document is strategic information (SI) officers at USAID Missions who are responsible for the strategy and implementation of health information systems (HIS) for the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration Free Global Good Content in SPANISH X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Governance and Leadership Free Global Good Over the past 15 years, counties have implemented a wide range of promising digital health interventions. Country governments have increasingly realized that in order to have scalable, sustainable, and interoperable digital health systems, a government-led, coordinated approach is required. Languages: SPANISH, PORTUGUES, ENGLISH The curriculum has been developed by USAID, Digital Square, TechChange, and Last Mile Health and is based on content compiled by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). It features critical technical concepts, existing best practices, and pragmatic methods, all framed according to the national planning cycle that Ministry of Health officials manage. Course Topics Module topics: Module 1: Introduction to Digital Health Module 2: Health Systems and Digital Health Interventions Module 3: Digital Health National Strategy Module 4: Digital Health Enterprise Planning Approach Module 5: Digital Health Platform Implementation Module 6: Digital Health Intervention Implementation Module 7: Costing & Procurement Module 8: Digital Health Governance, Policy, Regulation, & Workforce X X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Helpdesk and end user support Link to take a self-paced course: End-User Support For access to the course material: Digital Health: Establishing and Operating End-User Support and Training (Helpdesk) Free Global Good This course is designed to empower learners with knowledge and skills needed for establishing, managing and operating a helpdesk. The course is appropriate for all HIS roles involved in establishing policies and practices as well as those building or sharpening their skills for helpdesk management. Helpdesk overview; End-user support workflow and communication; Best practices for issue tracking and ticket prioritization; Key points in the support process for user engagement; Ways to create and enhance Helpdesk documentation; Data protection and confidentiality; Typical tools used for tracking issue status and resolution. By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Articulate the operating procedures of the Helpdesk service; Identify considerations for establishing Helpdesk system that meets the needs and expectations of internal and external customers; Articulate an example of an end-user support workflow; Identify best practices for issue tracking and ticket prioritization; Identify key points during the support process for user engagement; Understand methods for creating and enhance Helpdesk documentation; Apply the best practices of data protection and confidentiality when providing Helpdesk and support services; Identify common tools used for tracking issue status and resolution; Articulate what is a ticketing system and how a Helpdesk is run and managed; Engage and communicate with diverse stakeholders throughout the process. X X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Systems Lifecycle Systems Development Lifecycle Link to take a self-paced course: Introduction to Systems Development For access to the course material: Digital Health: Systems Development Lifecycle and Change Management Free Global Good The Health Information Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) course offers a comprehensive overview of the practices and methodologies involved in software system development. Learners will be introduced to fundamental concepts, models, and techniques used in each phase of the SDLC. The objective of this course is to empower learners to understand and effectively apply SDLC principles in systems development projects. By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Articulate the purpose of the Systems Development Lifecycle; List techniques for gathering, documenting, and analyzing user requirements effectively; Communicate the importance of stakeholder collaboration and communication in requirements elicitation; List key design principles; Describe practices for writing clean, modular, and maintainable code; Have awareness of the different testing methodologies and techniques to ensure software quality: Testing, User acceptance testing, production environment and feedback process; Identify deployment strategies and techniques for releasing software systems into production environments; Identify the importance of ongoing maintenance, updates, and support for software systems post-deployment; Understand change management principles and practices, with a focus on the Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) context. X X X Health Systems and Digital Health Solutions Digital Health Architecture and Integration 101 – Introduction to HIE: Foundations of Health Information Exchange (v2) Free Global Good INTRODUCTION TO HIE: FOUNDATIONS OF HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE This course is intended to provide a broad context for Health information exchange & OpenHIE. It will introduce key concepts for health information exchange and provide an introduction to how the OpenHIE Community can provide peer learning and support on a journey toward health information exchange (HIE). Based on research conducted by the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) Relevance: Digital health landscape assessments (DLAs) should be considered as a crucial first step when approaching digital health projects, programs, or national initiatives. DLAs are critical for: • Developing a comprehensive understanding of the stakeholder environment • Understanding a nation’s specific health challenges and priorities • Assessing existing policies and regulations and their integration into the healthcare system • Determining gaps in the current system Primary Users: Government bodies, ministries of health, donors, technology developers Secondary Users: Healthcare providers #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1. Framework UNDP 2021 English For the analysis of national digital landscapes in relation to SDGs, thus not health sector-specific. It encompasses: 1) Rapid Integrated, 2) Digital Maturity, and 3) Bottleneck Assessments to identify digital solutions to expedite progress towards the SDGs. 2. Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA) Toolkit: A How-To Guide for USAID Missions Toolkit USAID 2022 English To conduct assessments for digital development decision making (not health-sector specific), covering “Digital society, rights and governance,” “Digital infrastructure and adoption,” and “Digital economy,” over three phases: 1. Desk research and planning (5 weeks), 2. Interviews (2–7 weeks), and 3. Analysis and report writing (10-15 weeks). 3. Toolkit WHO/ITU 2012 English, Arabic, Chinese, French The toolkit provides an assessment framework that aligns with the seven building blocks of a digital health enabling environment for national digital health strategy development. It suggests a 3-stage research approach (desk-based research, internal assessment, stakeholder consultations) with example questions addressing each eHealth strategy component, along with opportunities, gaps, risks, and barriers consultations) with example questions addressing each eHealth strategy component, along with opportunities, gaps, risks, and barriers. 4. Toolkit Digital Square/GIZ 2021 English The DPPA streamlines digital tool identification in a nation’s ecosystem, aligning with EDIT and USAID Map & Match, and syncing with the Global Digital Health Monitor. The 5-stage, 3-phase assessment (3 weeks) 1) engages stakeholders, 2) analyzes the digital health ecosystem, 3) integrates map and match data, 4) maps DPP use cases, and 5) reports result with recommendations for digital health and pandemic preparedness, producing a report to inform budgetary decisions. 5. Toolkit DICE 2022 English A tabular toolkit for early-stage DH ecosystem assessments. It assesses DH readiness, fostering coordinated strategies for health digitization among key stakeholders. It integrates into the DPPA and Navigator for Digital Health Capability Models. The tool promotes dialogue on six essential building blocks (1. human capacity, 2. investment & funding, 3.data capture & use, 4. infrastructure, 5. standard & interoperability and 6. governance and policy) with indicator-based point-system ratings (1 to 5) for assessing a country’s DH readiness. 6. Online Repository USAID and collaborating partners N/A English M&M, not a formal guideline or framework, serves as a vital baseline resource for ecosystem mapping. Prioritizing repurposing digital tools for rapid disease information access, it is a 2-phase initiative documenting DH investments in LMICs. Outputs from M&M are: 1) a publicly accessible dataset for 130+ countries (Phase 1), 2) more detailed information on 22 M&M countries (Phase 2) and 3) Country briefs showcasing the identified tools. 4) M&M develops outbreak response use cases aligned with GIZ’s DPPA and integrated into the DATEC framework. All M&M data are shared with the DHA in collaboration with WHO. 7. U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative Digital Community Health Initiative (PMI DCHI) Toolkit PMI, USAID, CDC 2020 English In 2020, the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative, through USAID and the CDC, initiated the Digital Community Health Initiative to enhance healthcare quality in 27 African countries via digital health platforms. Aiming to optimize digital technology for malaria and community health, the initiative conducted a mixed-methods assessment through three phases: 1. ecosystem assessment of digital technology and malaria data. This phase involved a comprehensive assessment to understand community-level malaria data management, including ICT use. The assessment encompassed a desk review, surveys on digital tools, and interviews with national and subnational stakeholders. Desk reviews were conducted in all countries, while surveys and interviews were tailored by country to address gaps and corroborate findings. 2. stakeholder engagement to refine digital health needs and priorities. 3. country-specific implementation of tailored strategies. This approach broadened its focus beyond malaria, providing insights for improving integrated service delivery. 8. Toolkit World Bank 2021 English A toolkit guide to assess a country’s digital health maturity, aiding in planning and prioritizing digital health strategies and investments. The toolkit includes a Digital Health Landscape Profile, a Maturity Scoring Tool, and in-depth interviews and workshops, offering a comprehensive view of a country’s digital health infrastructure, workforce, and governance using 74 indicators. 9. Toolkit USAID, Health Data Collaborative & Measure Evaluation 2017 English A toolkit that provides a maturity model to assess and enhance the interoperability of health information systems (HIS) across three domains: leadership and governance, human resources, and technology, intended for Ministry of Health officials and stakeholders in LMICs. This model categorizes HIS performance into five levels and includes an assessment tool for evaluating 18 subdomains. The process involves self-administration by health officials, aiming to guide improvements in HIS interoperability for more effective healthcare delivery and data management. 10. Health Information System Stages of Continuous Improvement (SOCI) Toolkit Toolkit USAID, Health Data Collaborative & Measure Evaluation 2019 English A guide to evaluate and enhance Health Information System (HIS) effectiveness, designed for HIS stakeholders, including government and health program managers. It presents a structured method for assessing HIS, starting with forming a leadership team and setting the assessment scope. The toolkit assesses various HIS aspects, such as leadership, workforce, ICT, and data quality, using a five-stage maturity scale. It stresses stakeholder consultation for consensus on HIS status and future goals, leading to a roadmap for improvement with defined actions and responsibilities. 11. Toolkit WHO/PAHO N/A English, Espanol A toolkit designed to help national health authorities and stakeholders assess and improve their HIS. It features a maturity model with five levels, covering domains, including Data Management, Governance, Knowledge Management, and Innovation. The toolkit provides a structured method for evaluating these systems and the assessment process is meant to be carried out by health officials, forming teams to complete, analyze, and use the results to develop strategies for advancing their HIS. 12. Guide PATH - Digital Square 2022 English A guide designed to assist countries and organizations in choosing the most suitable digital health maturity models for their needs. It provides guidance on a range of maturity model-based tools for digital health systems, helping users understand which tools best fit their specific assessment goals and contexts. It was created through a collaborative process involving tool users, designers, funders, and decision-makers from national digital health entities. It offers a framework to understand individual tools, mapping specific indicators between them to leverage assessments used in the past and avoid duplication of efforts. 13. Classification of digital interventions, services and applications in health, second edition Guideline World Health Organization (WHO) 2023 English An updated version of the “WHO Classification for Digital Health Interventions v1.0 (CDHI)”, this guideline is a taxonomy that provides a common language for stakeholders in the DH sector to assess and communicate the uses of DH and to identify program needs. It categorizes digital and mobile technologies to support individuals and health system requirements, based on the discreet unit of a “digital health intervention.” It is organized around three axes: Health System Challenges, Digital health interventions, and Digital Services and Application types. It groups interventions based on users: Persons, healthcare providers, health systems or resource managers, and data services. It is integrated into the WHO Digital Health Atlas. 14. Online Repository World Health Organization (WHO) N/A English, French, Spanish, Portuguese An open-source online-based platform designed to coordinate global digital health initiatives and designed to serve as a global digital health inventory, a solution finder, and an information resource on intervention maturity, functionalities, and standards. It aids governments, technologists, implementers, and donors by providing essential information for planning, coordination, and evaluation of digital health projects. The platform’s effectiveness depends on active engagement, with roles for implementors, government, and investors/donors. 15. Global Digital Health Monitor (GDHM) (former Global Digital Health Index (GDHI) Toolkit Health Enabled & the Global Development Incubator (GDI) & Partners 2022 English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic An online resource designed to evaluate countries’ digital health maturity. Aligned with the WHO/ITU eHealth Strategy Toolkit, it supports progress tracking, weakness identification, and improvements in national digital health systems. As part of the WHO Digital Health Resolution, GDHM uses 23 indicators grouped into seven key components. Also includes areas such as AI, equity, gender, and UHC, with visualizations for year-on-year performance, country comparisons, and regional insights. Data sources include the GovTech Maturity Indicator, Network Readiness Index, and GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index. Relevance: Developing policies and strategies for digital health (DH) is essential for governments as DH can significantly enhance the accessibility and quality of healthcare services. Government policies, strategies, and regulations in DH are crucial for ensuring that digital technologies are integrated into healthcare systems in a secure, efficient, and equitable manner, enhancing healthcare delivery and outcomes while fostering innovation and addressing broader public health goals. As digital health evolves, it is crucial to have a regulatory framework in place to manage emerging issues such as the ethical use of AI in healthcare, telemedicine practices, and digital health equity. Primary Users: Government health sector leaders in Ministries, Departments and Agencies who manage the development of digital health strategies Secondary Users: Technology developers, Donors #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Guideline World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 English, French, Arabic, Russian WHO’s aims to guide the development and adoption of DH solutions that are appropriate, accessible, affordable, scalable, and sustainable, based on four core principles: institutionalizing digital health within national systems, requiring cohesive strategies for digital health success, promoting beneficial digital technology use in health, and addressing the adoption barriers in least-developed countries. The strategy outlines four strategic objectives: enhancing global DH collaboration and knowledge sharing, supporting national digital health strategy implementation, improving DH governance, and fostering people-centered health systems through DH. It proposes a framework for action focused on commitment, catalysis, measurement, and continuous improvement, accompanied by an action plan outlining the necessary impacts, outputs, policy options, and actions for achieving these objectives. 2 Toolkit World Health Organization (WHO) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2012 English, Arabic, Chinese, French This earlier described toolkit is the fundamental guideline document to help governments develop a national eHealth vision aligned with their health and development goals, designed to facilitate the creation of an action plan reflecting country priorities, and to manage associated risks. It is a step-by-step tool, that addresses common challenges in digital health development, such as misaligned agendas and ‘siloed’ technology investments. Divided into three parts—1) Establishing a National eHealth Vision, 2) Developing a National eHealth Action Plan, and 3) Monitoring and Evaluation—the toolkit aims to prevent stalled efforts and optimize return on investment by promoting a broader vision of health system development. 3 Principles TransformHealth 2023 English A set of principles that have been developed through a collaborative bottom-up process, driven by civil society and stewarded by TransformHealth. They encompass three interconnected objectives, namely 1) Protect people – as individuals, as groups and as communities; 2) Promote health value – through data sharing and innovative uses of data; and 3) Prioritize equity – by ensuring equitable distribution of benefits that arise from the use of data in health systems. The Principles are designed for governments, technology companies, and other stakeholders involved in health data collection and use. They aim to guide national and organizational health data policies and contribute to a global governance framework. Additionally, they serve as a tool for advocating equitable, human-rights- based data governance and can function as an accountability mechanism. 4 Guideline U.S Department of Health & Human Services (Content created by Office for Civil Rights (OCR)) 2021 English HIPAA establishes Privacy and Security Rules for handling protected health information in USA. These rules require healthcare providers, insurers, and employers to protect patient data, allow controlled disclosure without consent under specific conditions, and give individuals rights over their health information. The aim is to protect patient privacy while ensuring necessary data flow for quality healthcare and public safety. Additionally, the Security Rule mandates safeguards for electronic data, and the Enforcement Rule specifies compliance, penalties for violations, and hearing processes. 5 Guideline European Union (EU) 2018 All the languages of EU GDPR is a crucial law within the EU, affecting any organization worldwide that processes personal data of EU/EEA residents. Key provisions include obtaining explicit consent for data processing, granting individuals rights to access, erase, and transfer their data, and the right to object to data use for specific purposes. Organizations must implement data protection measures from the start, appoint Data Protection Officers for significant data processing activities, and promptly report data breaches. The GDPR also regulates the international transfer of personal data to maintain protection standards globally. 6 Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity Frame- work National Institute of Standards and Technology 2018 English The National Institute of Standards and Technology’s Cybersecurity Framework provides detailed guidelines to help private sector organizations improve their cybersecurity. It helps entities prevent, detect, and respond to cyber threats by integrating standards, guidelines, and best practices for risk management. Notable for its adaptability, cost-effectiveness, and focus on protecting critical infrastructure, the last version includes a self-assessment section, expanded risk management for cyber supply chains, and improved guidance on authentication, authorization, and identity verification, along with clearer connections between its components and vulnerability disclosure considerations. 7 Guide to Privacy and Security of Electronic Health Information Guideline The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology 2015 English This guide offers practical support for healthcare professionals, especially in smaller practices, to comply with HIPAA in the US. It includes advice on regulatory compliance, risk management strategies, staff training guidance, and how to handle and report health information breaches. It also features tools and resources to help providers assess their practice’s needs for the privacy and security of electronic health information, develop appropriate policies and procedures, and manage potential risks effectively. This comprehensive strategy aims to equip healthcare providers with the necessary tools to protect sensitive health information and maintain patient trust. Relevance: Normative resources for digital solution design and development are important because they are a means to ensure effectiveness, safety, and user-friendliness of digital tools. They also promote interoperability with existing systems and to guide the ethical handling of sensitive data. They standardize development practices to address local and global health challenges, fostering innovation and collaboration among stakeholders. By adhering to national and international standards, these guidelines facilitate the creation of tailored solutions that enhance efficiency, automate tasks, and improve healthcare delivery through informed decision-making. Resources for solution design and development enable: · Scalability · Sustainability · Relevance to local and global contexts and challenges · Evidence-based and standardized practice · Standardize development practices Primary Users: Developers, Healthcare Providers Secondary Users: Donors, Government bodies, Ministries of Health #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Designing Digital Interventions for Lasting Impact: A Human-Centered Guide to Health Deployments Guide Unicef 2018 English A toolkit that applies human-centered design (HCD) principles to DH program design, with focus on users and their context. This guide contains methodologies, tools, and templates, to direct decisions throughout the program cycle. Recognizing the importance of frontline workers and community insights, the toolkit emphasizes observation, interaction, and tailored design. 2 Guide PATH 2015 English A human-centered requirement-gathering process for system development that emphasizes local ownership and collaboration. It creates workflows, develops user personas, uses visual representations like matrices and diagrams, redesigns processes, and defines functional requirements. Part of the technology life cycle, CRDM covers business modeling, requirement definition, system design, testing, training, implementation, management, and optimization. 3 Guideline World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 English A comprehensive guideline and framework with five knowledge layers for the technical process of incorporating WHO health and clinical guidelines into digital systems. The five knowledge layers are: L1 - narrative (enhanced guidelines), L2 - operational (digital adaptation kits), L3 - machine-read- able (coding for integration), L4 - executable (software applications), and L5 - dynamic (leveraging big data for precision health models). These layers enhance traditional guidelines, facilitate discussions, aid integration, ensure interoperability, and leverage advanced analytics for context specific health outcomes. 4 Guideline Various Authors 2019 English A guideline for mobile health applications (mHealth apps), that addresses five key areas of design and development: privacy, security, operability, usability and content. Even though these guidelines are especially suited for the mHealth sector, topics such privacy and security are generally relevant for any software developer and this this resource can be applied beyond mHealth. Relevance: The accelerating rate of digitization in the digital health ecosystem presents challenges, as numerous standalone solutions compete without full integration into the system, impacting data quality and medical practice. Seamless interoperability is essential for enhancing patient care coordination, reducing errors, and supporting public health surveillance. It facilitates patient data exchange across healthcare providers, enhances Electronic Health Records (EHR) utilization, and aids in population health management and community health services. Thus, an integrated approach is key for optimizing disease tracking, resource allocation, and decision-making in healthcare systems. Primary Users: Developers, Donors, Ministries of Health Secondary Users: Healthcare Providers, Government Bodies #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Guide World Health Organization (WHO) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2020 English This guideline, intended for health sector planners and enterprise architects in early-stage digital maturity countries, focuses on building national health platforms for SDG support. It emphasizes developing a Digital Health Platform (DHP) as foundational infrastructure, unifying various digital health applications for consistent and efficient healthcare delivery. The DHP includes integrated, reusable components to enhance interoperability for supporting DH application. The handbook details tasks from context analysis to ongoing institutionalization efforts, outlining steps like designing DHP architecture, and implementing DHP with country case studies. The DHP serves as a horizontal base for connecting vertical siloed information systems within individual DH applications. 2 Toolkit MEASURE Evaluation 2017 English & French This toolkit aids Ministries of Health in evaluating Health Information System (HIS) landscapes for interoperability, hence it included here also. It utilizes the earlier defined maturity model across three domains: technology, leadership/governance, and human resources. Each domain has specific subdomains, evaluated on a 5-point scale. Results are visualized in radar graphs, offering a self-administered assessment to guide countries in strengthening HIS interoperability for more robust systems. 3 Guideline World Health Organization (WHO) 2020 English, French, Spanish This guide serves as a roadmap for integrating DHIs into health programs. Aligned with the 9 principles for digital development, DIIG complements the WHO guideline on digital interventions. It guides users through a 9-step process, covering identification, assessment, design, definition, linking to national architecture, monitoring, evaluation, costing, and maintenance. The guide emphasizes needs-based investments, interoperability, and alignment with national goals. Additionally, it includes a process matrix worksheet for evaluating processes, outcomes, and potential bottlenecks, offering a holistic approach with a COVID-19 vaccine distribution case study and insights into OpenHIE architecture. Relevance: Scaling up digital health initiatives improves healthcare access in underserved areas, enhancing equity and reaching vulnerable populations. Expanded programs can lead to better health outcomes, reduced costs per patient through economies of scale, and larger datasets for research and decision-making. Government support is bolstered, integrating digital health into national policies and fostering innovation. Challenges in scaling-up are well-known, however, a successfully scaled initiative has the potential to integrate seamlessly into a healthcare system, thereby offering more sustainable solutions that can serve broader populations. Primary Users: Developers, Donors, Ministries of Health Secondary Users: Healthcare Providers, Government Bodies #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Toolkit World Health Organization (WHO) 2015 English A self-assessment tool guiding project teams in scaling up innovations for DH. It employs an iterative process covering assessment, planning, and targeted improvements. MAPS help to evaluate scaling-up progress through detailed self-assessment questions across six axes: 1) Groundwork, 2) Partnerships, 3) Financial Health, 4) Technology & Architecture, 5) Operations, and 6) M&E. The resulting scorecard provides insights for projects to enhance scale and sustainability. Acting as a decision tool, it helps overcome scale barriers, with iterative activities meant to be conducted throughout the project’s life. 2 Framework and Toolkit Digital Square N/A English This tool provides a way to evaluate scaling efforts by assessing an intervention’s scale through three dimensions: end-user numbers, tool usage breadth, and institutional adoption level. It addresses complexities such as the variable nature of “end users” (which could mean individuals or healthcare facilities), the dynamic digital ecosystem and tool availability across countries, and a country’s evolving capacity marked by digital literacy, infrastructure, and financial resources. 3 The journey to scale – moving together past digital health pilots Guide PATH 2014 English A report primarily intended for global health practitioners, policymakers, donors, and technology developers. It aims to provide these stakeholders with a clear understanding of the pathways and levers necessary for achieving large scale, sustainable digital health interventions. It advocates for a deliberate, coordinated approach that aligns on a shared goal of institutionalization and identifies key factors that enable successful scale-up, including the importance of a strong case for action, effective leadership, viable economic models, and interoperability standards. Relevance: Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) in digital health are crucial for several reasons. They provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of ICT, help identify and resolve issues promptly, and inform resource allocation decisions to maximize impact. M&E also ensures accountability and supports continuous improvement in digital health interventions. Additionally, M&E identifies barriers to adopting digital health technologies, offering insights to overcome them. By tracking usage trends and outcomes, stakeholders can ensure the success of digital health programs. The data collected also aids research and innovation, driving progress in the digital health field. Primary Users: Developers, Donors, Ministries of Health Secondary Users: Healthcare providers, Government bodies #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Guideline World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 English A guide specifically for enhancing M&E initiatives in Digital Health (DH), focusing on monitoring intervention deployment and evaluating outputs across user satisfaction, process enhancements, health outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. It covers value proposition development, indicator selection, evaluation design decisions, and offers techniques for assessing data accuracy and accessibility, along with directives for result reporting. 2 Study World Health Organization 2022 English A study, which focuses on monitoring the implementation of digital health initiatives, consolidating information from WHO, the European Commission, the Nordic eHealth Research Network, OECD, and the Statistical Conference of the Americas. It reviews national digital health monitoring activities in eight countries, and highlights the need for evidence to shape healthcare system transformation. The study describes challenges in measuring governance, health data reuse, and system-wide interoperability, stressing ongoing efforts to adapt metrics to the evolving digital health landscape. 3 Toolkit Various Authors 2023 English A framework designed for practical use, which streamlines the assessment of DHIs in four steps. This evaluative protocol involves initial screening against fundamental requirements, adopting a recognized evidence assessment methodology, applying the ‘Evidence DEFINED’ supplementary checklist, and utilizing evidence-to-recommendation guidelines to provide adoption recommendations. The framework assesses the support for DHIs based on clinical evidence while considering additional crucial areas such as patient experience, cost, health equity, and more. 4 Toolkit Various Authors 2011 English CONSORT-EHEALTH extends the established CONSORT statement, offering guidance on reporting trials for eHealth & mHealth interventions. It comprises 17 sub-items, with four addressing intervention attrition, user engagement, dosage, and adherence. The checklist is applicable beyond internet-connected scenarios but may require further research for adaptation. CONSORT-EHEALTH is to enhance transparency and consistency in reporting eHealth intervention research. mERA is designed for mHealth interventions, providing a framework for assessing and reporting evidence from these studies. 5 Framework for the Economic Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions Framework World Bank 2023 English A recent (2023) and specialized economic evaluation framework for scaling up DHIs (based on WHOs Classification) within limited health budgets. This tool helps assess the value of DHIs for evidence-based decision making, against the backdrop of lacking economic data on DHIs. The framework includes five steps: 1) determine the context, 2) determine the intervention type, 3) establish the level of complexity, 4) analytical principles, and 5) presenting the value proposition and aligns with the project maturity cycle as per WHO’s Guide to Monitoring and Evaluating DHIs. 6 Toolkit World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 English A checklist designed to improve the reporting of mHealth interventions. It outlines essential details for replicating mHealth interventions, including content, context, and technical features. It is to assist authors, reviewers, policymakers, and journal editors in synthesizing and critically evaluating mHealth research for transparency and completeness. The checklist is specifically designed for mHealth interventions, providing a framework for assessing and reporting study evidence. 7 Toolkit Various Authors 2023 English A 20-item checklist for reporting digital health implementations, covering areas such as claims, methods, sustainability, and budget planning. The primary goal of iCHECK-DH is to identify key information necessary for thoroughly defining DH implementations, helping to discern success and failure factors and enabling replication in various contexts. It further aims to standardize reporting quality and enhance implementation standards and best practices. Relevance: Sustainable financing for DH initiatives is critical but it requires long-term funding models that extend beyond initial grants or pilot funds. As such, establishing the long-term value of DH investments is critical for justifying resource allocation and ensuring benefits outweigh costs. Stable funding environments depend on policy and regulatory support, with government prioritization of DH fostering consistent funding. Investments should focus on scalable solutions that can adapt and grow, while leveraging existing health system funding streams and infrastructure for sustainability. Financing models must account for ongoing maintenance, updates, staffing, and training costs, which often surpass initial development expenses. Diversifying funding sources—government, donors, private sector, and nonprofits—spreads financial risks and enhances sustainability. Additionally, regular monitoring and evaluation demonstrate the impact of DH systems, thereby ensuring continued funding and support. As such, normative resources are critical to guide decision makers through these intricate processes. Primary Users: Donors, Government Bodies Secondary Users: Developers, Implementers #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Principles Various Authors 2018 English These are 10 principles for donors to align their investments with national digital health strategies in LMICs. The goals are to integrate health system strengthening, enhance health service delivery, and improve data use for better health outcomes. These principles address the challenges of fragmentation and lack of interoperability in digital health systems and emphasize the need for progress in health outcomes and achieving the SDGs 2 Digital Health Investment Review Tool to guide investment in digital health Toolkit Digital Impact Alliance (DIAL) at the United Nations Foundation. 2018 English A tool to support strategic investments in DH, that includes a country self-assessment of the ICT environment and readiness for eHealth, introduces a “process framework” for 12 eHealth components (i.e., Policy Landscape, System Users, Cost of Ownership, Privacy & Security). Each component includes a self-assessment worksheet and considers the developmental stage of the proposed system, ranging from nascent to optimized, to determine the emphasis on different aspects, such as Total Cost of Ownership, based on the system’s scale and maturity. 3 Guide World Health Organization 2020 English, French, Spanish A Guide that aids governments and technical partners plan and implement digital health initiatives aligned with national health system objectives. Besides offering implementation guidance, it includes detailed step-by-step instructions for planning and budgeting DHIs within a digital health enterprise. The guide focuses on pinpointing cost factors at various implementation stages and creating a thorough budget that spans the entire investment period. 4 Framework International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and Digital Impact Alliance (DIAL) 2019 English, Spanish, French A Framework to assist governments and partners in digital infrastructure investment and SDG programing enhancement. Using enterprise architecture planning (EAP) principles, the Framework connects SDG Targets to ICT Building Blocks, aligning technology investments with business strategies. It serves as a practical guide for developing digital strategies and investment plans, providing examples, cataloging use cases, workflows, ICT components, and outlining a process for organizational integration. 5 A Framework for the Economic Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions Framework World Bank 2023 English An economic evaluation framework for scaling up DHIs (based on WHOs Classification) within limited health budgets. This tool helps assess the value of DHIs for evidence-based decision making, against the backdrop of lacking economic data on DHIs. The framework includes five steps: 1) determine the context, 2) determine the intervention type, 3) establish the level of complexity, 4) analytical principles, and 5) presenting the value proposition and aligns with the project maturity cycle as per WHO’s Guide to Monitoring and Evaluating DHIs. 6 Toolkit Digital Square, USAID, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, PATH 2022 English Total Cost of Ownership Tool is an Excel-based tool, which serves as an interactive resource designed to aid health leaders in creating more accurate budgets for digital health initiatives. With built-in user inputs, the TCO Tool emphasizes the identification of common hidden costs, cost drivers, and variances, particularly focusing on the often-overlooked operational expenses. Digital Health Sustainability Calculator is an Excel-based tool designed to estimate the total cost of implementing sustainable digital health systems at a national level. This tool is intended for informational, non-commercial purposes and not intended to be 100% accurate. Not to be used as a replacement for professional expert consultation, but rather as a starting place to estimate the total cost of digital health. 7 Closing the digital divide: More and better funding for the digital transformation of health Guideline Transform Health 2022 English A framework that advocates for stronger and more unified funding support, both locally and globally, to advance equitable and sustainable digital health system development in LMICs. It offers six strategic recommendations for national governments, international donors, and the private sector: increased funding from various sources, improved investment coordination, a detailed digital health strategy with investment planning, a strong regulatory and policy framework, mechanisms for effective multi-stakeholder involvement, and enhanced digital connectivity. Relevance: Digital health technologies, while transformative, are not inherently neutral and can inadvertently reinforce existing inequalities or create new disparities. Barriers such as lack of electricity, poor network connectivity, high costs of devices, and digital literacy gaps disproportionately affect marginalized populations, including women and rural communities. Digital inclusion is a critical social determinant of health and a cornerstone for equitable healthcare. Inclusive DH interventions must address socioeconomic, geographic, and cultural barriers by designing user-friendly tools tailored to diverse populations. Primary Users: Developers, Healthcare Providers, Ministries of Health, Donors Secondary Users: Government bodies #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Report UN N/A English A key document covering digital inclusion’s definitions and themes, emphasizing an intersectional approach to tackle challenges like racism, gender discrimination, and biases against marginalized groups. It addresses factors such as data disaggregation, infrastructure, connectivity, access, affordability, and participation and places them in the context of “inclusion” as a social determinant of health. 2 Report OECD 2018 English The OECD report aims to promote gender equality in the digital economy by addressing barriers like access, affordability, education, and socio-cultural norms. It offers policy recommendations for stakeholders to bridge the digital gender gap. Key challenges include limited access to technology, under representation in STEM and ICT jobs, and online harassment. The report emphasizes the need for coordinated actions, such as raising awareness, enhancing digital literacy, and fostering an inclusive digital culture. 3 Framework Academic paper 2020 English A theoretical framework (Crawford & Serhal, 2020), which integrates health equity with digital health determinants to address health disparities. It considers factors, including race, age, income, and geography, and extends beyond traditional health system roles by incorporating digital health equity. The framework examines interactions between digital access, literacy, and various health-related factors. It emphasizes equitable digital healthcare to mitigate disparities and highlights the role of socio-cultural contexts in health and technology use. 4 Framework Academic paper 2022 English A theoretical framework (Safiya Richardson, 2022) on DH equity, which underscores the need to consider both digital determinants of health (DDoH) and social determinants of health, especially for those digitizing health solutions. It highlights the importance of community and societal-level interventions to address health inequities and advocates for multi-level approaches in digital health interventions, considering DDoHs to ensure equity and effectiveness. 5 Framework GIZ 2021 English A technical brief that focuses on gender-sensitive programing in DH and emphasizes that DH solutions should address differences and inequalities for empowering marginalized groups. The paper outlines challenges, such as the digital gender divide, violence risks, and algorithmic biases that DH planners need to consider and assesses gender-specific benefits and obstacles of DHIs. Concluding with seven key recommendations for enhancing gender sensitivity in DH initiatives, it provides a framework for integrating gender considerations in DH. 6 Framework World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 English A framework to guide the development and implementation of DH solutions for young people, targeting a range of professionals from designers to funders. It focuses on three key phases: planning, development, and implementation. It features real-life examples, insights from young people, best practices, and case studies. Each section includes relevant tools and resources, and the guide also offers lessons learned for future investment and expansion in youth-centered digital health interventions. 7 GenderTech Toolkit: Building digital solution for, with, and by girls Toolkit UNICEF 2020 English A toolkit to aid digital innovators in creating solutions that cater to girls, with the aim to bridge the gender digital divide. This toolkit, applicable in various contexts including digital health, includes four distinct tools: 1) How to build digital solutions for girls’ digital realities, 2) How to co-create digital solutions with girl, 3) How to include girls in digital product user testing and 4) How to conduct consultations with girls. 8 Standards World Health Organization (WHO) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2022 English, French, Portuguese A standard designed for governments, healthcare providers, telehealth platform manufacturers, and organizations advocating for people with disabilities. It addresses the “digital divide” that people with disabilities face, and offers a comprehensive set of technical requirements to enhance telehealth platforms’ usability. These guidelines are designed to ensure that telehealth services are effective, safe, and inclusive, considering various impairments and offering specific solutions to make digital health services more accessible to everyone. 9 Guideline World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 English, French, Spanish A guidance document for developers, ICT users, and regulators in the healthcare sector. It emphasizes the protection of human dignity, safety, and fairness by providing a framework for responsible AI development and implementation. This standard is a key text because AI’s integration into healthcare raises significant ethical and privacy concerns, necessitating robust guidelines to prevent harm, bias, and misuse of data. The document offers guidance on maintaining transparency, ensuring informed consent, safeguarding privacy, and promoting equitable access to AI technologies. 10 Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health – Guidance on large multi-modal models Guideline World Health Organization (WHO) 2024 English A guidance document for governments, healthcare providers, AI developers, and policymakers, focusing specifically on large multi-modal models (LMMs). Unlike the pervious WHO AI guidance (2021), it addresses the unique ethical, legal, and societal challenges of LMMs. The document provides a framework for the ethical development and governance of LMMs, emphasizing transparency, accountability, inclusiveness, and human rights. It offers recommendations to manage risks and promote best practices, aiming to maximize LMM benefits while ensuring patient safety, data privacy, and public trust in these advanced AI-driven healthcare solutions. Relevance: Empowering healthcare staff in all aspects of health ICT systems is crucial for the effective utilization, maintenance, and evolution of digital tools and systems. Importantly, knowledge and skills required for digital health initiatives then become increasingly less reliant on external organizations, thereby promoting sustainability and long-term success. Capacity strengthening plays a key role in addressing digital disparities. Providing targeted training to women or other digitally marginalized groups, facilitates intervention scale-up and promotes work, and economic possibilities. Primary Users: Healthcare Providers, Government Bodies, Ministries of Health Secondary Users: Developers, Donors #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Framework World Health Organization (WHO) 2020 English A guide to for integrating ICT in health education. It emphasizes digital education’s role in addressing global health workforce challenges and covers themes, including enrollment, learning outcomes, remote access, educator skills, and lifelong learning. The proposed framework considers external, system-level, institutional and individual factors to optimize digital education for the HWF. The report provides an overview of the existing evidence, and give practical tips, and guidance for effective digital health workforce education strategies. 2 Empowering the health workforce – Strategies to make the most of the digital revolution Guide OECD 2019 English A strategy document that discusses digital transformation challenges in European healthcare, focusing on HWs’ experiences with digital tools. While Europe-centric, the findings offer insights for LMICs. The document’s recommendations, relevant for global health contexts, include incorporating digital skills into health education, improving tool usability, and ensuring inclusivity in workforce planning. Relevance: The commercialization of digital health products in global markets requires adherence to specific standards to ensure user safety. More complex digital solutions deliver precise health information upon which medical decisions are based. Thus, strict regulations are necessary to ensure patient safety once we can label our digital intervention a Software as a Medical Device (FDA, 2018). Primary Users: Developers; DH Planners Secondary Users: Donors #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Evidence Standards Framework for Digital Health Technologies (ESF) Framework National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) 2019 English A tiered framework that categorizes digital health products based on functionality and specifies evidence requirements for developers. It represents a significant methodology in the field of digital health evidence. 2 Standards ISO 2021 English A European standard enabling developer self-certification and guiding assessment processes with accrediting bodies. It mandates varied evidence types for compliance, including observational studies or RCTs for specific uses. 3 Framework DiGA 2020 English, German A process framework which mandates specific criteria for healthcare tools to qualify as medical products under the German Digital Healthcare Act. It requires evidence through comparative studies and allows innovators to register temporarily without an RCT, provided they complete one within a year, accommodating the development of emerging technologies. 4 Standards Digital Health Centre of Excellence (DICE) 2020 English The U.S. FDA, responsible for public health safety, established the Digital Health Center of Excellence (DICE) in 2020 to support high-quality digital health innovations. The FDA focuses on efficient, low-burden regulatory approaches while maintaining safety and effectiveness. Detailed guidance on FDA digital health regulations is available online (FDA, 2023). Relevance: Guidelines for digitizing immunization programs are essential for addressing challenges like costing, target population identification, delivery strategies, and workforce management. They help stakeholders select appropriate digital tools and ensure effective, context-specific implementation. By leveraging behavioral science and evidence-based approaches, normative resources can provide structured, user-centered frameworks to streamline processes and enhance immunization program outcomes. Primary Users: Government Bodies, Ministries of Health, DH implementers, Healthcare Providers Secondary Users: Developers, Donors #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Guideline DICE 2021 English A guideline provides a framework to facilitate equitable access to and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines across countries, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. It is policy and strategy-oriented and offers an overview of various evidence-based digital innovations and practices that can be utilized in different stages of vaccine planning, distribution, and scale-up, intended to amplify efforts in vaccine deployment while generating actionable data, in alignment with strategic resources like the WHO Digital Implementation Investment Guide (DIIG) and UNICEF’s digital health guidance for COVID-19 response. 2 Primer on Digital Solutions for COVID-19 Vaccination Service Delivery Guideline DICE 2022 English A practical guide to support those directly engaged in vaccination efforts with strategies for effectively using digital health tools and data to enhance vaccine distribution and administration beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The document details an “adapt and scale” approach, using existing systems to support vaccination efforts rather than creating new ones. It includes real-world examples and case studies to illustrate the application of digital solutions in various contexts. 3 Guidance on developing a national deployment and vaccination plan for COVID-19 vaccines Framework WHO-UNICEF 2021 English, French An interim guide aimed at assisting national and sub-national health authorities and immunization program managers in planning and executing COVID-19 vaccination strategies. Its primary purpose is to ensure effective, efficient, and equitable deployment of COVID-19 vaccines, addressing key aspects such as regulatory readiness, target population identification, vaccine delivery, supply chain management, and safety monitoring. 4 Guide GAVI 2022 English A guideline to assist national immunization program managers, social and behavior change specialists, and immunization implementing partners in selecting and planning digital technologies to increase the demand for routine childhood immunization using a step-by-step approach. It focuses on understanding the factors affecting immunization uptake and offers a categorization of various digital interventions based on their effectiveness. 5 Guide PATH – BID Initiative 2017 English A briefing guide to improve immunization data quality and use, exemplified on Tanzania and Zambia. Targeted at health professionals and policymakers involved in immunization programs, it demonstrates how EIRs can address data challenges in these programs. The guide details the CRDM, and includes a tailored approach to developing EIRs suited to each country’s specific needs, with key contents including the step-by-step process of CRDM, practical aspects of EIR implementation, and lessons learned from the initiative’s experiences, with a strong emphasis on user-centered design, sustainability, and effective data use. 6 Guideline PAHO 2018 English, Spanish, French A guide to aid in the development, implementation, and evaluation of EIRs, aimed at health decisionmakers and program managers in PAHO Member States. It covers all aspects of EIR systems, including technical, functional, and operational considerations and is structured into sections discussing the background, planning, design, development, and implementation of EIRs, with tools like checklists and case studies to assist in decision-making. 7 Framework Digital Square & GIZ 2021 English A strategic guide for using digital tools in various stages of pandemics and outbreaks. It’s designed for governments, health organizations, and investors, focusing on integrating digital technologies into epidemic responses. The framework, influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, identifies 13 critical use cases and provides a visual mapping of these tools across different epidemic phases. It offers practical guidance on adapting existing digital tools for rapid deployment and effective management during health crises, aiming to improve response efficiency and data-driven decision-making. 8 Framework WHO-UNICEF 2022 English, Spanish, French, Portuguese A guide to provide strategies for incorporating COVID-19 vaccination into existing health systems, designed for public health planners and immunization program managers. It outlines principles, benefits, risks, and operational steps for integration, drawing on experiences from various countries. The document emphasizes the need for a strategic, evidence-based approach to manage the pandemic while maintaining essential health services. #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Guideline Digital Impact Alliance (DIAL) at the United Nations Foundation 2012 English The Principles for Digital Development provide a foundational guide for policymakers, practitioners, and technologists working to create inclusive, sustainable digital solutions. Originally launched in 2014 and updated in 2024 through broad consultation, the Principles emphasize local ownership, radical inclusion, responsible data use, and open innovation. Now endorsed by over 300 organizations, they promote digital systems that do no harm and maximize people’s agency to shape their own development. 2 Toolkit WHO/ITU 2012 English A foundational, cross-cutting toolkit, that supports the development, implementation, and monitoring of national digital health strategies. It emphasizes multisectoral collaboration, alignment with national health and development goals, and the integration of key components such as governance, infrastructure, workforce, and interoperability. As a living resource, it fosters stakeholder engagement, facilitates coherent planning across digital health domains, and promotes sustainability and equity in digital health initiatives. 3 Recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening Guideline World Health Organization (WHO) 2019 Xx A guideline that offers cross-cutting evidence-based recommendations on digital interventions that support multiple facets of health system strengthening. It provides normative guidance on a range of interventions—including telemedicine, health worker decision support, digital training, and commodity tracking—demonstrating their potential to address gaps in service coverage, quality, accessibility, and accountability. With a strong emphasis on feasibility, equity, and sustainability, the guideline equips policymakers, implementers, and donors to make informed decisions that integrate digital tools into broader health system goals, especially in low-resource settings. #. Resource Title (with hyperlink) Type of Resource Publishing Organization Year Languages Summary 1 Guideline Digital Square 2023 English A guideline that catalogs open-source digital health tools—software, content, and services—recognized as global goods. These tools are designed to be adaptable, scalable, and interoperable, with strong community support and alignment to the Digital Public Goods Standard. The guidebook supports implementers, policymakers, and donors by offering practical guidance on selection, maturity assessment, procurement, and integration of digital public goods to strengthen health systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This Link to Navigating the Digital Health Ecosystem: A Review of Key Guidelines, Frameworks and Tools contains key digital public health definitions and concepts, and on 75 normative resources for digital health programing published between 2012 and early 2024 [link to report].Roles
Competencies
Resource details
Policy makers / decision makers
Digital Health HIT professionals
Health Practitioners and Providers
DHCF Competency
DHCF Sub Competencies
Course or Resource
Cost / License
Description
The purpose of this course is to provide an introductory and general overview of the essential concepts of interoperability, health standards and FHIR. Contemporary health information systems are integrated healthcare networks that use standards to interoperate and manage all health information pertaining to people's health care and attention, originating from multiple sites and sources of information, within different organizations and/or health entities.
The course, Digital Health: Planning National Systems, is designed to empower ministry leadership with the technical concepts and planning tools necessary to steer and orient national digital health stakeholders. Policy and Guidelines Documentation
Digital Landscape Assessments
Regulation, Strategy & Policy Formation
Solution Design & Development
Integration and Interoperability
Scaling Up
Monitoring & Evaluation
Sustainability & Financing
Gender, Equity, Inclusion & Ethics
Capacity Strengthening
Technical Standards for Developers
Digitization of Immunization Programs
Cross-Cutting
Digital Public Goods
