...
The systematic encouragement and exploration of a wide range of internal and external sources for innovative opportunities, the integration of this exploration with organizational capabilities and resources, and the exploitation of these opportunities through multiple channels. The central idea behind open innovation is that, in a world of widely distributed knowledge, one can presume that solutions to problems are within others, so organizations should harvest processes or inventions from others instead of relying on typical models of internal development. Therefore, open innovation encourages organizations to deeply collaborate externally with partners and share both risk and reward. This concept is also related to cumulative innovation, know-how trading, mass innovation and distributed innovation. (more at Wikipedia)
Reference Implementation:
An implementation of a specification which serves as the standard, definitive form from which all other implementations are measured. Typically, robust reference implementations practically clarify the intent of the specification, are developed concurrently as the specification matures, and verify that the specification is implementable. (more at Wikipedia)
Sustainable Development:
A mode of human development in which resource use aims to meet human needs while ensuring the sustainability of natural systems and the environment, so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come. A form of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (more at Wikipedia)